PLANT GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

What is growth?

Know the meaning/significance of: seed, spore, propagule, gametophyte, gamete, zygote, sporophyte, seed plant, endosperm, suspensor, hypocotyl, epicotyl, plummule, cotyledon, radicle, micropyle, root cap, coleoptile.

Be able to recognize the parts of a seed and the parts of a plant embryos.

Know the meaning and differences between determinate and indeterminate growth.

What is needed for germination? What type of substance inhibits germination?

How do various environmental factors affect germination? How are these evolutionarily advantageous?

What four factors are involved in growth?

Understand the function/significance of: enzymes, hormones, vitamins.

Know the basic types of plant movements: tropisms, turgor movements and Circadian rhythms.

PLANT HORMONES

Know the functions in plant of the major hormones: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid

Understand the role played by phytochrome (PR and PFR) in photoperiodism (i.e. - flowering in long-day and short day plants)

EVOLUTION AND CLASSIFICATION

Know the classification hierarchy, in order ("King Philip/David came over from Germany stoned")

Know the meaning/significance of Carl Linne's (a.k.a. Linnaeus) Systema naturae (the method we still use for naming living organisms.

Know how to correctly write the scientific name of an organism.

Review the chapter in your textbook on classification to better understand any of these points that are not clear to you.

Recall Darwin's tenets of evolution by natural selection.

Know the meaning/significance of: gene, artificial selection, evolutionary fitness, adaptation, evolution, common ancestry, monophyletic taxon

Know the levels of taxonomic classification (King David came over from Germany stoned). Recall the definition of a species.

Know the meaning/significance of derived and primitive characters; homologous and analogous characters, biosystematics, taxonomy.
Be able to understand a phylogenetic tree diagram showing common ancestry of various related taxonomic groups.

PROTISTS

Know the basic characteristics of a protist.

Which protist group is believed to share the most recent common ancestor with plants?

FUNGI

Be able to recognize the common names of Zygomycota (black bread molds), Ascomycota (sac fungi), Basidiomycota (club fungi) and their generalized life cycles.

Which can reproduce sexually? Which asexually?

Be familiar with the general asexual and sexual fungus life cycle.

Know the meaning/significance of: hypha (plural = hyphae), mycelium (plural = mycelia), spore, conidium (plural = conidia), sporangium, fruiting body (e.g., zygosporangium, ascocarp, basidiocarp), zygospore, ascospore, basidiospore, ascus, basidium.

Be able to recognize the different types of symbiotic fungal associations--especially mycorrhizae! (Study that diagram!) What is the significance of mycorhizzae? What does each symbiotic partner get out of the relationship?